carbon

英 ['kɑ?b(?)n] 美['kɑrb?n]

近義詞smoke

CET4TEM4考研TOEFLCET6中頻詞核心詞匯

復(fù)數(shù):?carbons;

carbon 碳

來自PIE *ker, 燃燒，詞源同cremate, hearth.

carbon: carbon: [18] The notion underlying carbon is probably that of ‘burning’; it has been tentatively traced back to a base *kar- ‘fire’. The word’s immediate source was French carbone, coined in the 1780s on the basis of Latin carbō ‘coal, charcoal’ (supplementing an earlier borrowing charbon ‘coal, charcoal’). It is not certain whether char and charcoal are related to it.
carbon (n.): non-metallic element, 1789, coined 1787 in French by Lavoisier as charbone, from Latin carbonem (nominative carbo) "a coal, glowing coal; charcoal," from PIE root *ker- (4) "heat, fire, to burn" (cognates: Latin cremare "to burn;" Sanskrit kudayati "singes;" Lithuanian kuriu "to heat," kar?tas "hot," krosnis "oven;" Old Church Slavonic kurjo "to smoke," krada "fireplace, hearth;" Russian ceren "brazier;" Old High German harsta "roasting;" Gothic hauri "coal;" Old Norse hyrr "fire;" Old English heore "hearth").

Carbon 14, long-lived radioactive isotope used in dating organic deposits, is from 1936. Carbon dating (using carbon 14) is recorded from 1958. Carbon cycle is attested from 1912. Carbon footprint was in use by 2001. Carbon paper (soon to be obsolete) is from 1895.

1. In its untreated state the carbon fibre material is rather like cloth.: 原始的碳纖維材料很像布料。

2. The two principal combustion products are water vapor and carbon dioxide.: 兩種主要的燃燒產(chǎn)物是水蒸氣和二氧化碳。

3. In graphite sheets, carbon atoms bond together in rings.: 石墨層中的碳原子相互連接形成碳環(huán)。

4. Mars has an insubstantial atmosphere, consisting almost entirely of carbon dioxide.: 火星的大氣層極其稀薄，幾乎全部由二氧化碳構(gòu)成。

5. Carbon dioxide is a necessary result of the oxidation of carbon compounds.: 碳化合物氧化后必然會產(chǎn)生二氧化碳。