confound

英 [k?n'fa?nd] 美[k?n'fa?nd]

擴展詞匯GRE低頻詞

第三人稱單數:?confounds;過去式:?confounded;過去分詞:?confounded;現在分詞:?confounding;

confound 使困惑

con-, 強調。-found, 流，傾瀉，詞源同confuse, foundry. 即流到一起的，難以區別而困惑的。

confound: confound: [13] Latin confundere literally meant ‘pour together’; it was a compound verb formed from the prefix com- ‘together’ and fundere ‘pour’ (source of English found ‘melt’ and fuse). This sense was later extended figuratively to ‘mix up, fail to distinguish’, a meaning which passed via Old French confondre into English. Meanwhile, the Latin verb’s past participle, confusus, came to be used as an adjective; in Old French this became confus, which English acquired in the 14th century as confuse.

This was soon assimilated to the normal pattern of English past participial adjectives as confused, from which the new verb confuse, was coined.
=> confuse, found, fuse
confound (v.): c. 1300, "make uneasy, abash," from Anglo-French confoundre, Old French confondre (12c.) "crush, ruin, disgrace, throw into disorder," from Latin confundere "to confuse," literally "to pour together, mix, mingle," from com- "together" (see com-) + fundere "to pour" (see found (v.2)).

The figurative sense of "confuse, fail to distinguish, mix up" emerged in Latin, passed into French and thence into Middle English, where it is mostly found in Scripture; the sense of "destroy utterly" is recorded in English from c. 1300. Meaning "perplex" is late 14c. The Latin past participle confusus, meanwhile, became confused (q.v.).

3. Are you going to lie there all day , confound it, you sow! ": 媽的,還躺著, 豬玀 ”!