tribulation

英 [,tr?bj?'le??(?)n] 美[,tr?bju'le??n]

GRE

復(fù)數(shù):?tribulations;

tribulation 憂患，痛苦，磨難

來自拉丁語 tribulare,壓制，鎮(zhèn)壓，折磨，來自 terere,轉(zhuǎn)，刮，摩擦，詞源同 turn,throw.-bul, 工具格后綴，詞源同 table,tintinnabulation.引申詞義憂患，痛苦磨難等。

tribulation: tribulation: [13] Latin trībulum denoted an agricultural implement consisting of a wooden board with sharp stones or metal teeth underneath, used for threshing grain (it was derived from the base *trī-, a variant of *ter- ‘rub’, which also produced English attrition, contrition, detriment, detritus, diatribe, tribadism ‘lesbianism’ [19], and trite).

From this was derived the verb trībulāre ‘press’, which was used by Christian writers for ‘oppress, afflict’. And this sense provoked the derivative trībulātiō ‘a(chǎn)ffliction’, which passed into English via Old French tribulation.
=> attrition, contrition, detriment, detritus, diatribe, throw, tribadism, trite
tribulation (n.): c. 1200, from Old French tribulacion (12c.), from Church Latin tribulationem (nominative tribulatio) "distress, trouble, affliction," noun of action from past participle stem of tribulare "to oppress, afflict," a figurative use by Christian writers of Latin tribulare "to press," also possibly "to thresh out grain," from tribulum "threshing sledge," from stem of terere "to rub" (see throw (v.)) + -bulum, suffix forming names of tools.

1. Even in our awful tribulation we were quite optimistic.: 即使在極端痛苦時(shí)，我們?nèi)允謽酚^。

2. Even at this point in our awful tribulation under the German scourge we were quite friendly.: 此刻,即便是處在德軍蹂躪的極端痛苦中,我們?nèi)匀皇鞘钟押玫?

3. I hate the tribulation, I commiserate the sorrow brought by tribulation.: 我厭惡別人深重的苦難, 憐憫苦難帶來的悲哀.

4. Year in and year out, rejoicing in hope, patient in tribulation.: 年復(fù)一年, 從希望中得到歡樂, 在苦難中保持堅(jiān)韌.

5. Rejoicing in hope, patient in tribulation. ( John Kennedy, american president ): 從希望中得到歡樂, 在苦難中保持堅(jiān)韌. ( 美國總統(tǒng)肯尼迪 )